Voting :: Politics Political

Voting Voting is when a group of people makes a decision on a subject that concerns them as a whole. In many countries, people vote to choose their leaders and to decide public issues. commonwealth also vote to make decisions in such groups as juries, labor unions, corporations, and social clubs. There are many different ways of voting and determine votes. No single voting method is either universally applicable or the best overall. Some major voting methods are majority rules, relative majority wins, elimination and runoffs, concomitant pairwise comparisons, various weighted or scoring schemes, approval voting, and a host of various other partitioning schemes that choose successively amongst subsets of potential outcomes. The three ways of counting votes are Plurality, Condorcet, and Borda count. In the Plurality method of voting, the candidate with the most votes wins. It is not necessary to have the majority. Strategic or insincere voting is not uncommon when a group knows th e distribution of potential votes in advance. Lets say there are 3 choices to vote on, a, b, and c. If c knows that they have the least amount of votes, they will vote for the one that they definitely do not want to win. Group c does not want a to win so everyone votes for b so a doesnt win over b. When everyone votes for exactly who they want to win, that is called sincere voting. In order to make for sure that the ultimate decision receives a majority vote, it may be necessary to resort to a runoff election, or to some other type of sequential voting. This is a procedure that requires a majority vote at each step. A candidate who wins over every other candidate in a head to head ballot is called a condorcet winner. Many elections ask for a discernment schedule of everything. This is to arrive at a final group lay out ordering of all the contestants that best express the desires of the electorate. You can also vote insincerely in this method also by changing the order of your pr eference schedule.. A Borda count assigns points in a descending manner to the way each voter put the choices in order and sums them up to come up with the most popular ranking.

Exemplification Essay: America Needs Leaders :: Exemplification Essays, Argumentative

Today, everyone is too concerned with the now to worry about the future. Of course, there be a few who scrimp and save a few dollars here and there so that they will earn some when they retire. However, none represent the ideas or beliefs that are destined to change our society. So I ask you are all the idealists gone, or are they just too scared to stand up? Throughout the course of history there have al routes been those who took a stand against society in order to further their cause. One example of this is Galileo facing the Inquisition of the Catholic Church due to his deep-rooted belief in the heliocentric universe. His willingness to face all odds is what made so many become believers in his theory. Galileo did not back down, instead he chose to stand and fight for something he considered right. This is an admirable trait but, he was not the only one. In our most recent selection The Communist Manifesto we are given a glimpse into one of the most re nowned idealists ever Karl Marx. His ability to stick to his guns regardless of the outcome is what won millions to his cause. Even though he verbalize that at his death he was ...the best hated and most calumniated man of his own time, he still made millions believers of a simple idea. An idea, a way of life which even he felt would be extremely hard to attain. These men are not the only ones, there are many more throughout history Newton who taught us about gravity, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Patrick Henry who helped to found our country, and Einstein who revolutionized the way we look at the universe. The point however is to not hold these people in esteem, it is to find how they relate to our society and our time. Who today professes any kind of ideal which they are willing to fight and let on for. Some may think politicians bring this kind of faith with their ideas, their promises for a better America.

Witness :: essays research papers

communication is more than just wordsWhen one sense is diminished, another is magnified, but ignore it ever truly be compensated? In some instances, yes however, when addressing the ability to communicate, there are two senses, that when absent hinders the communication process sight and touch. Communication is more than just words. In an effort to explore this idea further, we will look at the movie Witness.The movie, starring Harrison Ford and Kelly McGillis, takes place in New England. After losing her husband, Rachel Lapp (McGillis) and her son, Samuel, travel via railway to Baltimore, Maryland to celebrate the birth of Samuels cousin. When Samuel goes to the restroom during a delay in Philadelphia, he witnesses the murder of a Narcotics Officer. During the investigation, Detective John Book (Ford), discovers that the murderers are two fellow officers in conspiracy with the Chief of Police. In an effort to protect Samuel Lapp, John finds himself living in the Amish community w ith Rachel, Samuel, and Eli Lapp, Rachels father-in-law.When two worlds such as an Amish community and a 20th century metropolis collide, they give textbook examples of different aspects of communication.During the first half(prenominal) of the movie, when Rachel and Samuel enter into this unknown society, their reactions are mirrored by societys reactions to them.When Rachel and Samuels board the train, we see Eli Lapp, and friend of the family, Daniel express their discontentment of Rachels decision to gamble out into a world filled with evil. While Elis expressions are of concern and care, we notice, as Daniel gives Samuel a small wooden toy, his countenance gushy with an alterative motive as he smiles flirtatiously at Rachel.Next, lets discuss Rachels insinuations towards the foreign society. When we see Rachel on Elis farm, she seems to be a very devoted Amish woman. This implication remains unchanged, as we see her at the train station in Philadelphia. She is very introver ted, as she sits alone on a bench, sewing. She is corpse and apathetic to the world revolving around her and in making no attempt to commune with it, only speaks German to Samuel while in public, succeeding in insulate themselves. She demonstrates great lethargy towards any issue that exists outside her realm. She demonstrates this several times when, while someone talks to her, she stares out the window, making no eye finish off and sending a loud and clear message that she does not want to hear what he or she are saying.

The Ysera Realm of World of Warcraft :: Personal Narrative

The virtual worlds were good for doing what was impossible to do in the fleshly world rather than simply produce replicates of physical reality (Yee, 2009). This is why most people including myself, although a constant gamer, enjoy the experiences of the virtual world. The virtual world is an escape route from the actual realities of the world. This paper is sacking to describe my experience in The Ysera Realm of World of Warcraft MMORPG.Avatars are a key component of the virtual world and we rely on them a federal agency of living digitally while fully inhabiting in the world (Taylor, 2002). When the chosen avatar Race (Night pixy) was announced a sense of disappointment ran through my mind, because I believed the Night elf Race was not going to be as physically attractive as the Human race or Blood Elf race which I have previously used in other(a) realms. However, when I began customizing my avatar I was excited to begin the process, because it had to ability to create a uniqu e identity which not only serve a personal function (individualization) but also a social function as other faces would be able to recognize me over time(Taylor, 2002). My Avatar Elvinna is a Level 6 Druid who has the role of a tanker, healer and damager, with the ability to shape shift into wolf form. Elvinna also has the capability to use mana, rage or energy as a resource (World of Warcraft Mists of Pandaria, 2012). I chose my avatar name based on its sexiness, constraint and how ancient it sounds. My avatar was created as a desired self-image of myself, her gender was chosen solely on my gender as a female in reality, her wait on is very fierce which is what I was going for an avatar that looks fierce but sexy. Her class was chosen due to my unawareness of the different class, if I had the option of redoing characters I would go for hunter, because they are a better representation of the desire self (physically). Her personality is graceful and achieving, she desires to the highest to reach the highest levels in the virtual world. Elvinnas, (which desired representation of myself) character is different from mine in the sense that she is everything I desire to be looks and goals. When given tasks she is quick to execute them in order to ascend, which is a total inverse from myself.

The United States’ International Policies Focused in Iran and Iraq Essa

The United States International Policies Focused in Iran and Iraq After World War II the United States assured to not return to its isolationist attitude, which allowed Hitler to actualize so much power. They instead decided to take a very active role in the worlds politics. From Korea to Vietnam, the U.S. proved that it would go to extremum lengths to police the world. The past two decades have seen the U.S. deeply involved in the nerve center East as they try to stabilize a region ransacked by ethnic battles and power struggles for the worlds oil supply. America has played integral roles in the skirmishes by either trying to organize a peace process or supporting one or both sides. These actions will have consequences. Just as the British world empire crumbled in the early 1900s, the U.S. has chosen a path of expansionism that if not altered will lead to the disintegration of its world dominance in political and economic power. As we all know history has been known to repeat itself. Thus to justify my hypothesis, we must look at the last country to try to control the Middle East, specifically Great Britain. In 1917 the British began their occupation of Baghdad in order to protect the Arabs from the Turks from the Ottoman Empire. By 1920 the British had not fulfilled their promise to leave the area and the people of southern Iraq responded with military action. The British returned with their own aggression, but soon realized that they could not maintain control over the area. In 1921, a popular election was held and Prince Faisal of Hijaz won with 96% of the ballots. Unfortunately the new king of Iraq inherited a kingdom torn by civil war. To get word this internal struggle, look at how the Kurds make ... ...rman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff because he has been through the Persian Gulf, has learned from the mistakes of the United States and will use his knowledge to sustain another debacle from beginning.BibliographyAtkeson, Maj . Gen. Edward B., The Persian Gulf Still a Vital Interest? Armed Forces Journal International, Vol. 124, No. 9, April 1987Brown, Harold, Thinking About National certification, Boulder Westview, 1983, p. 157Stocking, George W., Middle East Oil A Study in Political and Economic Controversy, Nashville Vanderbilt U.P., 1970 p. 103-106Stork, Joe, Middle East Oil and the cypher Crisis, New York Monthly Review Press, 1975http//i-cias.com/e.o/iraq_4.htmhttp//www.oppression.org/middleeast/kurdish_history.htmlhttp//www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0859147.htmlhttp//www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/war/iran-iraq.htm

Essay --

Marg aret Preston was born on the 29 of April 1875 in Adelaide, South Australia. Margaret was the first of David and Prunice McPhersons daughters she took the scream Preston later by marriage. Margaret loved creating prowess from a young age and that just turned out to be what her career was after she had practised for historic period and years. Whilst young Margarets artistic abilities were already noticed and her early formal art education was at the National Gallery School in Melbourne and the Adelaide instill of Design, painting and Technical arts. Margaret travelled to Munich in 1904, where she attended the Government Art School for Women. From Germany she moved to Paris to study at the Musee Guimeta. In 1907, she returned to Adelaide for a utterly amount of time and then went choke off to Europe. Her father died in 1894 so by her teaching it helped bring in some income as her father brought in most of their money. After World warfare I, Margaret married a businessman wit h the name William George Preston and they settled down in Sydney. The marriage gave her some financial perceptual constancy and travelling overseas became an important come apart of the Prestons lives. Since now that Margaret was settled and without children, she was able to put her art first. In October 2003, Cotton died age 92. The Olive Cotton face which is given out annually is commit in memory of her role as one of Australias leading twentieth century photographers. Margaret Preston practiced engraving on Huon pine, but then started to practise on the rough side of Masonite. Also it says that Preston really practised her art and went to many schools and placed to be taught about art and to get more experience.The things that inspired Margaret Preston are artistic and cultural influences ... ...ve with what is in her photos and the light and dark effect and shadow.The ways you can tell that these sites are time-tested is the fact that they are produced by the Australian G overnment. Another reason I know I can trust this site is because it is not covered in advertisements an there are no restorative ups. Also it is not trying to sell you anything which means there are no scams involved. By the writer tilt the references it shows that the writer has done their homework on that person, and the sites are on that person only or are on artists in that time. Sites like Wikipedia where anyone can turn what has been written is not reliable as it can be altered by a random person who has no knowledge on that topic. The Australian Government is going to write the facts as people from many countries including Australia go to these sites and use these sites as fact sheets. Essay -- Margaret Preston was born on the 29 of April 1875 in Adelaide, South Australia. Margaret was the first of David and Prunice McPhersons daughters she took the name Preston later by marriage. Margaret loved creating art from a young age and that just turned out to be w hat her career was after she had practised for years and years. Whilst young Margarets artistic abilities were already noticed and her early formal art education was at the National Gallery School in Melbourne and the Adelaide school of Design, painting and Technical arts. Margaret travelled to Munich in 1904, where she attended the Government Art School for Women. From Germany she moved to Paris to study at the Musee Guimeta. In 1907, she returned to Adelaide for a short amount of time and then went back to Europe. Her father died in 1894 so by her teaching it helped bring in some income as her father brought in most of their money. After World War I, Margaret married a businessman with the name William George Preston and they settled down in Sydney. The marriage gave her some financial stability and travelling overseas became an important part of the Prestons lives. Since now that Margaret was settled and without children, she was able to put her art first. In October 2003, Cotton died age 92. The Olive Cotton award which is given out annually is dedicated in memory of her role as one of Australias leading twentieth century photographers. Margaret Preston practiced engraving on Huon pine, but then started to practise on the rough side of Masonite. Also it says that Preston really practised her art and went to many schools and placed to be taught about art and to get more experience.The things that inspired Margaret Preston are artistic and cultural influences ... ...ve with what is in her photos and the light and dark effect and shadow.The ways you can tell that these sites are reliable is the fact that they are produced by the Australian Government. Another reason I know I can trust this site is because it is not covered in advertisements an there are no pop ups. Also it is not trying to sell you anything which means there are no scams involved. By the writer listing the references it shows that the writer has done their homework on that person, and the si tes are on that person only or are on artists in that time. Sites like Wikipedia where anyone can change what has been written is not reliable as it can be altered by a random person who has no knowledge on that topic. The Australian Government is going to write the facts as people from many countries including Australia go to these sites and use these sites as fact sheets.

Essay --

Marg art Preston was born on the 29 of April 1875 in Adelaide, South Australia. Margaret was the first of David and Prunice McPhersons daughters she took the name Preston later by marriage. Margaret love creating art from a young age and that just turned out to be what her career was after she had dressd for years and years. Whilst young Margarets delicate abilities were already noticed and her early formal art education was at the National Gallery School in Melbourne and the Adelaide school of Design, painting and Technical arts. Margaret travelled to Munich in 1904, where she attended the Government Art School for Women. From Germany she moved to Paris to study at the Musee Guimeta. In 1907, she returned to Adelaide for a short amount of time and wherefore went back to Europe. Her receive died in 1894 so by her teaching it helped bring in some income as her father brought in most of their money. After ball War I, Margaret married a businessman with the name William George Pres ton and they settled down in Sydney. The marriage gave her some financial stability and travelling overseas became an Coperni bear part of the Prestons lives. Since now that Margaret was settled and without children, she was able to put her art first. In October 2003, like died age 92. The Olive Cotton award which is given out per year is dedicated in memory of her role as one of Australias leading twentieth century photographers. Margaret Preston practiced chip at on Huon pine, but then started to practise on the rough side of Masonite. Also it says that Preston really skilful her art and went to many schools and placed to be taught some art and to get more experience.The things that excite Margaret Preston are artistic and cultural influences ... ...ve with what is in her photos and the light and dark effect and shadow.The ways you can tell that these sites are authorized is the fact that they are produced by the Australian Government. Another reason I know I can trust th is site is because it is not cover in advertisements an there are no pop ups. Also it is not trying to sell you anything which means there are no scams involved. By the issuer listing the references it shows that the generator has done their homework on that person, and the sites are on that person only or are on artists in that time. Sites like Wikipedia where anyone can change what has been written is not reliable as it can be altered by a random person who has no knowledge on that topic. The Australian Government is going to write the facts as people from many countries including Australia go to these sites and use these sites as fact sheets. Essay -- Margaret Preston was born on the 29 of April 1875 in Adelaide, South Australia. Margaret was the first of David and Prunice McPhersons daughters she took the name Preston later by marriage. Margaret loved creating art from a young age and that just turned out to be what her career was after she had practised for yea rs and years. Whilst young Margarets artistic abilities were already noticed and her early formal art education was at the National Gallery School in Melbourne and the Adelaide school of Design, painting and Technical arts. Margaret travelled to Munich in 1904, where she attended the Government Art School for Women. From Germany she moved to Paris to study at the Musee Guimeta. In 1907, she returned to Adelaide for a short amount of time and then went back to Europe. Her father died in 1894 so by her teaching it helped bring in some income as her father brought in most of their money. After World War I, Margaret married a businessman with the name William George Preston and they settled down in Sydney. The marriage gave her some financial stability and travelling overseas became an important part of the Prestons lives. Since now that Margaret was settled and without children, she was able to put her art first. In October 2003, Cotton died age 92. The Olive Cotton award which is give n out annually is dedicated in memory of her role as one of Australias leading twentieth century photographers. Margaret Preston practiced engraving on Huon pine, but then started to practise on the rough side of Masonite. Also it says that Preston really practised her art and went to many schools and placed to be taught about art and to get more experience.The things that inspired Margaret Preston are artistic and cultural influences ... ...ve with what is in her photos and the light and dark effect and shadow.The ways you can tell that these sites are reliable is the fact that they are produced by the Australian Government. Another reason I know I can trust this site is because it is not covered in advertisements an there are no pop ups. Also it is not trying to sell you anything which means there are no scams involved. By the writer listing the references it shows that the writer has done their homework on that person, and the sites are on that person only or are on artists in t hat time. Sites like Wikipedia where anyone can change what has been written is not reliable as it can be altered by a random person who has no knowledge on that topic. The Australian Government is going to write the facts as people from many countries including Australia go to these sites and use these sites as fact sheets.

A Raisin in the Sun vs. Julius Caesar Essay

In William Shakespeares Julius Caesar and Lorr aine Hansberrys A Raisin in the sun themes, symbols, and characters nookie be compared. Both A Raisin in the Sun and Julius Caesar were written for the stage therefore their characters become more obvious and more thoroughly portrayed than in a book, for example. Even though, these feats were written by far different authors and in different centuries their similarities and differences are evident. In some(prenominal) A Raisin in the Sun and Julius Caesar themes, symbols, and character development are consistent. Comparing character development in Julius Caesar and A Raisin in the Sun is beneficial in learning more nigh each and every character. One of the major characters in A Raisin in the Sun is Mama a character she can be compared to in Julius Caesar is Calpurnia. in spite of Mama has a bigger role in Hansberrys work and Calpurnias role in Shakespeares work is not as efficacious as Mama, similarities are still evident.One way they are similar is in their authority over one person or a hardly a(prenominal) people in general, their families to be more specific. In A Raisin in the Sun, Mama has a strong opinion regarding her beliefs. She stands up for them and stresses respect. Mama is also the whirl of the Younger residencehold. She reminds everyone who is living with her the difference between right and wrong. However, Mama seems to be a bit more concerned with what Walter is perpetually doing. Walter is her eldest son. In the equal way, Calpurnia stresses what she believes in. Similar to how Mama watches pop for her son Walter, Calpurnia tries to warn her husband, Julius Caesar, against barbarous and something awful that has a potential of happening. Mama visual aspects her authority over Walter when she gives him the responsibility of putting away(p) a share of the money, Listen to me, son. I say I been wrong, son. That I been doing to you what the rest of the world been doing to you. (She turn s of the radio) Walter(She stops and he looks up slowly at her and she meets his eye pleadingly)What you aint never understood is that I aint got nothing, dont own nothing aint never in reality wanted nothing that wasnt for you. There aint nothing as precious to meThere aint nothing worth prop onto, money, dreams, nothing elseif it meansif it means its going to destroy my boy. (She use ups an envelope out of her handbag and puts it in front of him and he watches her without speaking or moving) I paid the man thirty-five hundred down on the house. That leaves sixty-five hundred dollars. Monday morning I want you to take this money and take three thousand and put it in a savings account for Beneathas medical schooling. The rest you put in a takeing accountwith your prepare on it. And from now on any penny that come out of it or go in it is for you to look after. For you to decide. (She drops her hands a little helplessly) It aint much, but its all I got in the world and Im puttin g it in your hands.Im telling you to be the head of this family from now on like you supposed to be (Hansberry 106-107). In a similar way Calpurnia takes authority over Julius Caesar, Alas my lord, your wisdom is consumed in confidence. Do not go forth to-day call it my fear that keeps you in the house, and not your own. Well send Mark Antony to the senate-house and he shall say you are not intimately to-day let me, upon my knee, prevail in this (Shakespeare 2.2). Both Calpurnia and Mama take authority over someone. Due to the fact that both tasks were not taken seriously both Walter and Caesar run into turmoil later in the literary work. In Walters case, he doesnt do as Mama says and loses his and Beneathas money as well as peoples trust in him (Hansberry 127-128). In Caesars case, him not staying home and returning to the senate against his wifes will, Caesar is greeted with his death (Shakespeare 3.1). In both works of literature, symbolism is commonly used.Some of the symbols u sed in A Raisin in the Sun are Mamas plant, Beneathas blur, and the check Mama receives after her husband dies. In Raisin in the Sun, Mamas plant represents her dreams and the rest of her familys dreams. A result of this would be Mama always making sure to take extra care of her plant and to nourish it well. On the other hand, Mamas check represents all of the hard work that her husband achieved and how hard he had to work to actually obtain that amount of money. Beneathas sensory hair symbolizes the assimilationist beliefs of the time and how people become inferior to the dominant race. When Beneatha returns her hair to its natural state it symbolizes that she is against common assimilation beliefs. The symbolism of her hair is evident in a conversation between her and Asagai, (Coming to her at the mirror)I shall have to determine you how to drape it properly. (He flings the materialabout her for the moment and stands back to look at her) AhOh-pay-gay-day, oh-gaha-mu-shay. (A Yo ruba exclamation for admiration) You wear it wellvery wellmutilated hair and all. (Turning suddenly) My hairwhats wrong with my hair? (Shrugging) Were you born with it like that? (Reaching up to touch it) Noof course not. (She looks back to the mirror, disturbed) (Smiling) How then? You know perfectly well howas crinkly as yoursthats how (Hansberry 61-62). The symbols used in Julius Caesar are omens, pain, and the conspirators bathing in Caesars blood. In Julius Caesar, omens symbolize evil and warn people against evil and bad things that could happen, possibly fatal things.By the conspirators bathing or washing their hands in Caesars blood they are symbolizing that they are winning responsibility for ridding Rome of its terrible leader. Portia, Brutuss wife, uses the symbol of pain to show how much she loves Brutus, that she is loyal to him, and he can trust her. Portia harshly kills herself by swallowing gamy coals because Brutus refuses to share anything with her, No man bears sorrow better. That tidings came. With this she fell distract and, her attendants absent, swallod fire (Shakespeare 4.3 147, 155-156). By using symbolism Hansberry and Shakespeare made their readers and audience conceive with depth and understanding. In A Raisin in the Sun, several themes are covered throughout the play the same goes for Julius Caesar. Even though there are more themes in these works of literature there are two that stand out and can be compared. The themes that are similar between A Raisin in the Sun and Julius Caesar are pride and the role of men and women in society and the house. In A Raisin in the Sun pride is theme because the Younger family doesnt have much but they have their pride.Throughout the play their pride is tested but they never hesitate to speak their minds. When Mama buys a house in a white neighborhood they are a bit hesitant at first but are happy in the end. They show their pride concerning this situation when a representative from Clybourne Park comes and asks them to sell the house back but in the end they dont and kick Linder out of their house. Pride is very evident in the conversation between Walter, Linder, and Ruth, (Putting on his glasses and drawing a form out of the briefcase) Our association is prepared, through the corporate effort of our people, to buy the house from you at a financial gain to your family.Lord have mercy, aint this the living gall All right, you through? Well, I want to giveyou the exact terms of the financial arrangement We dont want to hear no exact terms of no arrangements. I want to know if you got any more to tell us bout getting together? (Taking off his glasses) WellI dont suppose that you feel Never mind how I feelyou got any more to say bout how people ought to sit down and talk to each other? Get out of my house, man. (He turns his back and walks to the door) (Hansberry 118-119). Even though pride is a similar theme between Julius Caesar and A Raisin in the Sun, the pride in Ju lius Caesar is different than that in A Raisin in the sun.Works CitedHansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. New York Vintage, 1994. Print. Julius Caesar Theme of Pride. Shmoop. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2013. A Raisin in the Sun Theme of Pride. Shmoop. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2013. Play ScriptJulius Caesar. spacious Text / Script of the Play Julius Caesar Act I by William Shakespeare. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2013.

Analysis of Bbc at the Time of Greg Dyke

EMBA Organisational Behaviour Course sue Analysis of BBC 1. Analyse the civilisation of the BBC at the epoch that Dyke took over. To what degree is it facilitating the success of the BBC? The BBC was set up in 1922 as a public service broadcaster. The BBC quickly became a household name and played a part in shaping British culture. Company culture is the values and beliefs shargond by the members of a group and the BBC is a group which has both natural (BBC employees) and out-of-door (general public) members.The BBC is financed by a TV license tap paid by each household and represents the cultural artefacts the concrete aspect of the BBC which is its ability to maintain its independence and impartiality (Keys, 2006) due to public funding and a not for public service ethos. The BBCs biggest critic the UK press, are always at the helm of each attack and question over the quality guarding the BBC on behalf of every person. The public values and principles that the BBC is based on were publically declared by the first director general.The BBCs role was in inform, educate and carry and to bring the best of everything to the greatest number of homes (Keys, 2006) and this became the espo utilise values for BBC culture. The culture of the BBC is so deeply ingrained in its employees that Dyke commented that what the BBC does has enormous value and helps to define culture. pot work at the BBC because of this value. Their allegiance to the BBC, not necessarily to management, is very strong-at a level new(prenominal) companies would only intake of (Keys, 2006).These basic underlying assumptions of unconscious commitment to the face result in an unwillingness to tolerate change, whether good or bad, as it is an unconscious belief that it is interfering with the national heritage that belongs to each and every British person. The BBC culture is so strong that it has the ability to transport the general public on the same journey as its employees. They to, fe el that the BBC is national heritage that they own a little piece of. It has a strong external identity of independence and impartiality which creates a sense of nshakable commitment by more employees that what they do is more than a job. When Dyke took over the BBC it had been through a period of cost cuts, staff cuts, execution of new management controls and the formation of an internal market for operate. plot of ground the new construction and aggressive cuts left the organisations morale low, the managerial reforms had not touch on the core culture which under pinned the ethos of those who worked for the BBC. There was a strong belief by BBC employees that what they achieved, they achieved despite management (Keys, 2006).This strong culture had facilitated continued success through a period of uncertainty for both employees, during cuts and managerial reforms, and the general public, during a period of technological advancement in the digital space. However, with strong c ultures can come dysfunctions and the BBC shows warring factions of low levels of agreement (with management) but eminent levels of intensity (believing they achieve without management) which if not addressed could become a barrier to future success. 2. What source of power does Dyke have? How do you predict he will manage in the upcoming political battles that he faces?Dyke has three forms of power decision making, symbolic power and process power. One of the main sources of decision making power is the formal power of authority. Charisma is one of the forms of authority and Dyke is described by his own friends as commercial, colourful and magnetized. People with decision making power have the ability to inspire and to attract followers and this can be supported by Carolyn Fairbairn, director of dodging and distributions description that those who knew him were excited by his reputation as an inspiring leader who was instinctive.. (Keys, 2006). Dykes showed symbolic power in his method of gaining a unspoilt take ining of the business situation in his first weeks in post. Dyke undertook an extended walkabout away from the BBCs corporate centre in London in a bid to get to the grass roots of the business. He met with employees and asked How can I make a difference? and he listened to what people had to say and did not express any opinions. He also quickly gained respect at the top of the organisation using similar tactics and Mark Byford described what he really liked about im and me is we talk a lot about the wider BBC together, not just World services. He doesnt say everything he does is right, he asks, what do you think. On his appointment Dyke was not a popular choice as Director-General only gaining his position on a 7-5 ballot so his ability to influence at all levels was grave. Those with symbolic power can change peoples understanding of a situation so that they adopt your goals as their own. Dykes process power due to his formal status held i n the organisation hierarchy allows him to be able to settlement/start or influence processes in order to achieve a desired outcome.Immediately after starting, Dyke launched an organisational review of the broadcast division and he posterior extended this to the whole of the BBC (Keys, 2006). Dykes process power is strong due to his position as Director General and his previous experience. Dykes ability to change peoples understanding of a situation and move them in the direction of his own goals, his charisma and ability to influence higher and lower in the hierarchy, and his innate understanding of the process of running a media company set him in a strong position to manage the upcoming political battles that he faces.Gaining trust is essential after the tabloid attack due to share issues and history of working in the private sector. While Dyke is able to track these issues it is essential that he is transparent at all times and shows empathy to the public service ethos on whi ch the BBC is based. 3. The organisational members that Dyke encountered on his walkabout were despondent, down, and dismayed. What underlying problems contributed to this lack of motivating?Herzbergs Two Factor Theory can be used to analyse the underlying problems which caused the BBC employees to feel despondent, down and dismayed. Herzberg suggests that motivation will be enhanced by maximising the motivator factors and minimising the hygiene factors (Stilbiger, 2005). There are three main categories people can sit within an organisation when referring to boilersuit motivation a) dissatisfied and de-motivated, b) not dissatisfied but not motivated and c) positively satisfied and motivated.To move those who reside under categories a) or b) it is essential to understand what hygiene and motivational factors are lacking and attempt to rebuild. On Dykes walkabout of the BBC away of London it became apparent that when he asked the question how can I make a difference? that the issu es were pathetically small. The hygiene factors such as fix the roof, get new paint were provided by employees (Keys, 2006). Maslows hierarchy of inescapably also explains why tangible issues such as fix the roof, get new paint are heavy to having motivation.Maslow refers to these needs as safety needs and unless you have biological, physical and safety needs in place you are unable to move to belongingness needs which include work groups. These hygiene factors are important for a business to avoid the feeling of unpleasantness at work. When employees feel these factors are inadequate they cause dissatisfaction and no matter how well the company addresses the motivational factors they cannot work with motivational factors alone the two go hand in hand. Motivational factors were also contributing to the overall lack of motivation.Due to the period of cost cuts, staff cuts, implementation of new management controls and the formation of an internal market for services that the BBC had been through in the 90s, the changes meant that divisions were competing aggressively to get a larger slice of the pie (Keys, 2006). This was potentially affecting individuals opportunities for advancement, recognition of their work within the BBC, and sense of personal achievement and growth in their position. This was all being exacerbated by a very analysis based, almost obsessively so (Keys, 2006) business from the previous Director General.On an individual level the motivational circle can be used to understand where an employee is personally affected. This can be split into four categories satisfaction, effort, recognition and cognitive operation and they link to each other. If the link between effort and performance is affected people feel that no matter how hard they work their performance will not improve. This could be due to a lack of resources, knowledge, training, tools and skills and also an useless process within the company.This break in the motivational circl e can be seen as a symptom of the formation of an internal market for the services of the BBC. The internal market was causing the commissioners to become king and the impact of architectural planmakers on decision making fell dramatically causing producers to become hard-pressed and leave as they felt the move towards external, independent production was increasing and no matter how much effort they put in within the BBC the performance would never be enough. 4. Analyse Dykes initial steps as he begins the change process. How has he done so far?What do you think about his approach to organisational change? What do you see as his biggest challenges going forward and how would you suggest he tackle them? Dyke recognised that the organisation had been through a major change period of cost cuts, staff cuts, implementation of new management controls and the formation of an internal market for services that the BBC. While these changes were essential to improve efficiency and to make t he finances more transparent the change had been pushed from the top down and not been embraced by the employees.Dykes approach to still change is very different to that of John Birt as he recognised that further major changes were needed within the organisation. Dyke begins his role as Director-General by putting distance between Birt and himself by going on a walkabout. Dyke chooses to use is charisma, understanding of process and influencing powers to begin the change process. Dyke understands that as Director-General of the BBC you are damned if you do, and damned if you dont due the strong public service ethos and culture of the BBC that lives both within the organisation and within every stakeholder.Dyke begins his change process by building relationships with employees both high and low in what Dyke termed were too many hierarchies. By asking employees views and building relationships in front announcing major changes Dyke is able to build a network of people to support him through the changes and in turn influence others within the organisation. Dyke uses this time to launch a review of the organisation and learn where the inefficiencies reside in the organisation. By using both the relationships and analysis, Dyke begins to establish himself as a thinkable Director-General.He quickly puts in place tactics which are quick wins changing the internal competitive market and the use of resources. These high impact changes are important for Dyke to establish his power and leadership of the BBC. Dyke clearly recognises the employee commitment to the BBC, not necessarily to management, is very strong-at a level other companies would only dream of (Keys, 2006). For Dykes success it is essential that he shows employees that he understands the underlying culture of the BBC and is able to listen to his employees.Dyke needs to build a team that are able to discuss, decide and do real work. Dyke needs to select team members for their skills and set clear rules o f behaviour and address the strong belief by BBC employees that what they achieved, they achieved despite management (Keys, 2006). If Dyke can build a team within the BBC he has a very strong chance of success. 5. Analyse the grammatical construction of the BBC at the time Dyke took over. How appropriate was the structure given the goals of the BBC at that time? The structure of an organisation should follow strategy and for this reason company structure can change often.The structure of an organisation should exploit the core competencies of its employees and managing organisational behaviour. John Birt had created an organisation based on bureaucracy due to the resistance to change that he met when restructuring the BBC. He found the internal resistance to change and the press hostility difficult and his management of staff became defensive, solemn, businesslike and his style became rationalised and methodical without regard for people. bureaucratism has positives which are its e fficiency and fairness this can be seen in the formation of an internal market for services that the BBC which brought inances under control and improved transparency. On the other hand it can be inflexible, restrict innovation and de-motivating this can be seen with the loss of talented producers. The BBC at the time Dyke took over is divisional. The BBC network operations were split into two major divisions broadcast and production. However, the broadcast division became more powerful as they were the division that set the strategy and content. The structure created unhappy programme makers who began to leave the BBC and set up their own companies to tender for the production from the outside.The structure was important to begin the re-structuring process of the BBC to make it a more transparent and responsible for its spending. However, the structure was causing the BBC to lose talented people and losing its internal innovation and intellectual property by pushing it outside o f the BBC. When Dyke joined the BBC the external market place was rapidly changing. Digital, pay TV and the internet were making the average consumer more needy than ever and the BBC was required to stay at the vanguard of the changes as it was funded by households.Audiences were becoming more and more fragmented and every new channel was gaining fewer viewers. For the BBC this meant that it was becoming difficult to provide programming for all and the BBC mission from 1922 was to bring the best of everything to the greatest number of homes (Keys, 2006). The structure at the time Dyke joined was causing the BBC to become reliant on outside talent and leaving it open to flounder in the future. Keys, T, 2006. Greg Dyke Taking the helm at the BBC (A). IMD286. International Institute for Management (IMD). Silbiger, S, 2005. The 10-day MBA. 3rd ed. Piatkus Books Ltd.

Introduction to Philosophy Essay

1. What are the main branches of philosophy? Do philosophers adopt the same answers to the same philosophical questions? wherefore? philosophy is a direction of sen seasonnt about the big questions in career, from the existence of men to its morality. It is an activity which sharpens our reason. The word was coined by Greeks , meaning the love of wisdom. Philosophy can be split up into six big issues it is interested with. * First, the question about the nature of the world and the existence of Men which is under the domain of Metaphysics or to a fault called Ontology.From the word meta which sum beyond and physics which means physical it deals about beyond physical world- the spiritual. It also attempt to answer the ultimate reality of life, our reason of very existence, Who and what perfection is and, how everything relates to it. * Second, what are the right shipway to think and build arguments which is under the field of Logic. It tries to complete the valid reasons fr om the fallacies. It also examines the different general forms that argument whitethorn take. It is generally studied in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, se populacetics, and science.* Third, How do we know and how do we think we know which is under the area of Epistemology. From the Greek words episteme which means knowledge and logia which means study, it basically deals on how do we acquire knowledge and what is the basis for true knowledge. * Fourth, Ethics which generally centers on the morality of our actions. It differentiates wrong from right and studies characters actions base in his intentions. This field of Philosophy is vital and utilize to other disciplines such as business, medicine, science, robotics, and education.* Fifth, Issues about laws, liberty, rights, property and , politics fall under the Political Philosophy. It is also bingle of the sub-fields of Political Science. Its purpose is to lay bare the fundamental problems and concepts which frames the study of Politics. It also studies the great thinkers of the past which shapes politics such as Socrates, Plato, Adam metalworker and Hobbes. * Lastly, Aesthetics which deals on what is beautiful. Mainly it tries to answer questions which deals in art- music, painting, poetry, and such.It attempts to distinguish what is beautiful, what has taste, and what has artistic value. Philosophy can also be subdivided into three specific categories which are, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Language, and Philosophy of Science. These are branches which deal to questions their respective field of subject matters such as what exactly is a mind? how does language work? and Does science has responsibleness to hu spellity? An Educator can ask a question to his students and would receive different responses . We can veritable(a) expect complex answers to a simple question.It is because pot view things in different perspectives, have different degree of intelligence, exposed to different en vironment, influenced by different people and ideas, and have personal insights and experiences which differ from one person to a nonher. People thoughts varies and no idea can be of an exact match of a nonher. In my opinion, Humans mind are like his fingerprint, We all have our fingerprints besides its design- the curves and lines is unique in each individual. There might be similarities in ideas between individuals but in whatever point they contradict.For example, the two celebrated philosophers, John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both support the Social Contract Theory in which men enter a mutual agreement to surrender some of their liberty to authority in return of protection, both also, believe that men can exist without government and speak of its dangers in this kind of state-State of Nature. For Hobbes, the entire time that man is in a state of nature, he is in a state of war. He states that if any two men cannot enjoy the same thing, they fix enemies and in the way to their end. endeavor to destroy or subdue one another (Wootton, 158).Locke too points out risks, saying that without the law of nature everyone may execute decisions, leading to a state of war (Wootton, 290). However, despite of the similarities, Locke believes that people enter to social contract to seek peace and avoid the fear of destruction and living in State of Nature is brutish and chaotic while Hobbes believes that State of Nature is important and do exist in some ways such as among governments and leaders. Lockes view on State of Nature is pessimistic in contrast to Hobbes which he thinks has some potential benefits. Philosophers do not have the same answer to a certain question.Each philosopher present different examples and take different stand on a certain idea. 2. Why has philosophy lost importance in the priorities of contemporary man? Philosophy had the paramount role during the ancient education. It created great and wise thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, and, Seneca and i nfluenced coruscant minds such as Descartes, Adam Smith, and Karl Marx. Although the subject Philosophy is only introduce in higher level of studies in modern years, it diffuses its idea and cosmos applied to core subjects such as mathematics, science, and language. Philosophy is still vital in learning until today.The decreasing value given in philosophy arises in the way modern man receive and gather information. Core subjects like Science should nurture us to Inquire, to Analyze, to Think, and to Search- which are roles of philosophy but, Educators and with the convenience at reach, Students are being spoon-fed with facts from books and other resource materials instead of encouraging them to explore. They are bound with rules and regulations without giving them a chance to ask why they should follow orders. Students fail to analyze things because intimately Educators present facts and inculcate it to them through rote memorization instead of validating it.Learners learn facts but never learn to reason. They become man of knowledge but never become man of substance. The decreasing importance of philosophy in modern days is ascribed partly, to us Educators for failing to emphasize and apply its essence to the students. We teach the students to be dependent on the facts provided in books and internet, for we believe that it offers a vast amount of information forgetting that ones mind can offer boundless insights on a certain topic. 3. Why should philosophy be restored to its former prominence in the priorities of contemporary man?Philosophy is vital in mans learning and improvement. Giving answers to mans most perplexed questions or even to the simplest question that bother us gives us sense of enjoyment and purpose in life. In modern times, Philosophy is substantive in choosing decisions that has impact on our future such as career path, religion, core beliefs, and even to work or business. Philosophy should never be undermine and be restricted to as a mere subject. It is a way of thinking and essential in making a wise decision hence, should be integrated in daily living. 4. How does western philosophy differ from the eastern?In General, occidental Philosophy promotes individualism and more interested in conclusion and validating the truth while Eastern Philosophy is more interested in finding the balance within ones self in order to live in harmony with others and thus promoting collectivism. Also, East philosophy which emerged in chinaware is spiritual in nature as opposed to West which starts from Greece is innateistic and subject to research. Individualism of the West gives meaning to the worth a person as an individual. It gives stress on liberty and self-reliance. Man is directly a natural being.As a natural being and as a living natural being he is on the one hand endowed with natural powers, vital powers he is an active natural being. These forces exist in him as tendencies and abilities as instincts. On the other hand, as a natural, corporeal, sensuous objective being he is a suffering, conditioned and limited creature, like animals and plants. A being which does not have its nature international itself is not a natural being, and plays no part in the system of nature. A being which has no object outside itself is not an objective being. Marx, Critique of Hegels Philosophy in General (1844).Self-expression is individuality, and our individuality is our self, which ought to be our chief concern Ernest Dimnet (1928) The Art of Thinking p. 250 If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or furthest away. Henry David Thoreau, Walden Or, Life in the Woods (1854), chapter 18, p. 210. Collectivism of the East emphasizes the interdependence of individual among others. If I am walking with two other men, each of them allow serve as my teacher.I will pick out the good points of th e one and imitate them, and the bad points of the other and correct them in myself. Without feelings of respect, what is there to distinguish men from beasts? Confucius A leader is best when people barely know he exists, when his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will say we did it ourselves. Being deeply love by someone gives you strength, while loving someone deeply gives you courage. Lao Tzu The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. Rabindranath Tagore.

High School and Essay Entitlement Education Essay

High school is a place where students can slide easily through. They do not have to put forth every effort to get a good grade. They feel that they can get maximum achievement with minimum work. To some spirited school is way overly easy and that they can just cake walk through. However, to others, such as author Daniel Bruno, it is an imperfect concreteity that many high school students get sucked into. In his essay Entitlement Education, Daniel Bruno courageously uncovers the truth about how high school students take advantage of the No Child Left Behind policy. Daniel goes behind the curtains to reveal real life high school and how students are not analyseing to achieve greatness but just enough or nothing at all.In America we have a society that allows our students to not try their best in school. Students wake up knowing that they dont have to try as hard because they will receive a passing grade. Daniel exposes how students are under prepare for college because they lack th e knowledge being taught in high school. They do not pay close attention because again they expect or they feel that they are entitled to a good grade.They will also be cheated because their lives will be less. They will get find his or her self at a disadvantage on a job. They say that intelligence is the whole step of his or her life. A person may have knowledge but no intelligence. So, they can know all the facts there is to know but cannot hope it to solve problems or make connections.In conclusion, entitlement does go on forever. They are cheated out of a number of things before they even realize it. Entitlement is only handicapping high school students from the next level which is college. Entitlement can ruin the dreams of students who are caught up in this unreal reality and think they are entitled to anything.Work CitedAlmanac. The level of Higher Education. Chronicle Of HigherEducation, 2000. Web. 18 Oct. 2001.

Custom Mold Inc

Case Study Background habit Molds Inc produces tailored made molds for plastic move and manufactures connectors for the electronics industry. The sky pilot founders of Custom Molds Inc argon father and son, Tom and stonemason Miller, in 1987 which is located in Tucson, Arizona. Tom Miller who is a mechanical engineer, had vast experience in the connector industry with AMP. Mason Miller is a double degree holder in chemistry and chemical engineering, a graduate from Arizona State University.Originally, the troupe manufactured electronic connectors with source of eminent quality, custom made molds for producing plastic separate. They worked closely with their customers so that they great deal meet the customers requirements and their mold have to meet the exact standards and have to be unique. Once the customers have moved from the programme and pilot-run stage of development to large-scale achievement, they get out place orders for multiple molds. Custom Molds reputation grew with the long time as a designer and fabricator of precision molds.With the reputation, the Millers decided to expand into the limited manufactures of plastic separate and new equipments were added such as ingredient immix facilities and injection molding equipment. In the mid-1990s Custom Molds reputation grew to include being a supplier of high quality plastic parts. callable to limited capacity, the company decided to concentrate its sales efforts on supplying parts that were used in limited quantity for research and development efforts and in preproduction pilot runs. Production ProcessesBy 2000, Custom Molds functionings involved two distinct processes which argon fabricating molds and producing plastic parts. Both the processes are inter-connected for an instance, when a customer places an order, Custom Molds roughly(prenominal) fabricate a mold and produce the necessary parts to support the customers research and design efforts. All fabrication and production operati on were housed in a single facility. Fabrication molds requires a skill-oriented, craftsman-driven process. When an order is received, a design team, consisting of a design engineer and one of 13 cut through machinists, reviews the design specification.Working with the customer, the team comes up with the final specification for the mold and passes it to the master machinist for fabrication. At the same time, the specification is given to the purchasing department, who orders the needful raw materials. It normally takes about three to four weeks for the raw material to arrive. Once the materials have been received, the plant master scheduler reviews the workload of the assigned master machinist and schedules the mold for fabrication. Fabricating a mold usually takes up to two to four weeks, depending in the amount of work the machinist already has scheduled.The fabrication process takes only three to quintette days. Once completed, the mold is tested and inspected, where it is us ed to produce a small procedure of parts on one of the injection molding machines. If the mold passed the involve specification, it is then sent for cleaning and polishing, and then packed and sent to customers. If at all the mold fails, it is sent to the maser machinist for retooling and the process starts all over. Currently, Custom Molds holds a lead time of nine weeks for delivery of the molds. The manufacturing of the plastic parts is different from mold fabrication.An order for parts may be received in familiarity with an order for a mold to be fictitious. For instances, if the Custom Molds already have made the molds, an order may be jus for parts. If the mold is already available, the order is reviewed by the design engineer, who verifies the part and material specifications. If the is any doubts, the design engineer will contact the customer and clarifies the doubts. Once the parts and raw materials are accepted, orders are primed(p) for the raw materials and productio n in scheduled for the order. Chemicals and compounds used for the manufacturing are ordered and received within a week.When received, the compound is dry-mixed and blended to achieve the correct composition. thus the mixture is wet-mixed to the desired consistency, called slurry, for injection into molding machine. When ready, the slurry is transferred to the injection molding area by an overhead pipeline and deposited in holding tanks adjacent to the injection machines. The only process takes only one day. When the slurry is staged and ready, the proper molds are secured from the inventory or from the clean and polish operation if new molds were fabricated for the order and the parts are manufactured.Although different parts require different temperature and pressure settings, the time to produce a part is relatively constant. Custom Molds has the capacity to produce 5000 parts per day in the injection molding department historically however, the lead time for handling orders i n the department has averaged one week. Once molding is completed, the parts are taken to the cut and trim operation, where they are disconnected and leftover flashing is removed. Once inspection is completed, the parts are either taken for tack or transferred to packing and shipping area for shipment to customer.If assembly of the final parts is not required, the parts will be sent to customer within two days after being molded. Sometimes the final product necessitate assembling. Typically, this entails attaching metal leads to plastic connectors. If assembling is need, additional three days are required before they can be sent to customer. Customs Molds currently have a lead time of three weeks for parts not requiring fabricated molds. The Changing Environment In the early 2009, Tom and Mason Miller realized that the electronic industry they supplied and their own business was changing.Electronic manufacturers have decided to manipulate their own components to precipitate liv e and ensure timely supply of parts. By the 1990s, this trend has changed. Manufacturing were developing strategic partnerships with the parts suppliers to ensure the timely delivery of high quality, cost effective parts. This has allowed for other funds to be used on other uses with larger return on investment. During the same period, Custom Molds started to have issues with delivery. Customers were kick to delay in the delivery of the parts instead of the promised dateline.When asked about the situation, the master scheduler stated that it is difficult in determining when a particular order will be delivered. Bottlenecks were occurring during the production process, but where and when it will occur cannot be predicted. The bottleneck started to move to other operations. Tom Miller thought that that he had excess comminute capacity in the mold fabrication area. He came up with a solution to push through the schedule by assigning one of the master machinist to identify the expedit ing those late orders. However, the tactic wasnt effective. Complaints about late delivery were still coming in. o add on to the problem, two unfit parts were returned. Tom Miller knows something has to be done. 1. What are the major issues facing Tom and Mason Miller? The Electronics industry to which they supplied was changing very rapidly The millers are facing the shrinking size of their core market traditionally fabrication. These changes impact both the fabrication and the manufacturing sides of the business. For fabrication, although the number of orders remained around the same, the market for multiple molds was shrinking, so the imperious number of fabricated was reducing.The Demand for multiple molds is declining Earlier Custom Molds used to produce custom designed molds in majority but through the data provided we can analyze that in the last 3 years, the company has been getting more and more orders in the production of plastic parts consistently and the orders for cu stom molds have been decreasing. This calls for a mass production of plastic parts. Inefficient Testing and Inspection Process It has been mentioned in the case that two orders were returned recently because of number of bad parts in those bay windowes.This can be attributed to the inefficiency of the exam and inspection team. The transportation, packing, shipping etc. costs have to be incurred by the company and could have been avoided if the testing and inspection been rigorous. Increase in order sizes for plastic parts There has been a shift in demand from custom molds to plastic parts. Therefore on that point is a need to change the layout of the plant to something more suitable for mass production. Difficulties Meeting Quality Objectives As demand characteristics attachd for manufacturing parts, there was consequent increase in lead time on parts.Customers are complaining about the late delivery of the products. This will lead to loss of credibility in earlier of their cu stomers. Bottlenecks were occurring throughout the manufacturing process and quality issues were increasing. There was unplanned growth beyond the available capacity given the process issues. There were numerous non-value-adding processes throughout the workflow including delays, many inspection steps, storage and transport. Parts were not being manufactured at optimum speeds and as pressures of late deliveries and mounting backlogs built up. Thus, the quality of completed goods suffered. . What are the agonistical priorities for Custom Molds Processes and the changing nature of the industry? Previously a. High quality product Custom Mold previously strive for top quality product for their customers and grew reputation of one of the most consistent company that strive for quality products b. Flexibility in customer orders Customization was their priorities. They fully concentrate on customers orders requirements and needs and try their best to meet those requirements. c. On tim e delivery Custom Mold managed to deliver all of their products to the customers within the required timeEarly 2009 Due to changing nature of the industry, more customers are making strategic partnership with supplier to ensure the timely delivery of high quality and cost effective parts. As we can see, the competitive of the industry, the demand is changing and Custom Mold also must be aware of this. They must change their competitive priorities to continue compete in the industry. They office have to change their layout for molds from job cheat to small batch process in this changing process. Below are the suggested competitive priorities a. Consistent quality productsThey should maintain the quality of their products b. Cost effective They might achieve this by changing the layout from job shop to small batch process. Small batch process allows products to be made in larger volume and low variety from the job shop process. High volume tends to reduce cost per unit and can direc tly lowered the operation cost. c. On time delivery With customers focus on on time shipment for their products, Custom Mold cannot simply overlook to this competitive priority. On time delivery ensure the customer trust to them and they have to be excellent on that. 3.What alternatives might the Millers pursue? What key factors should they consider as they evaluate these alternatives? Short term alternatives a. Layout of the plant should be changed Custom Molds need to change the plant layout from job shop to assembly line. This is because the company is getting more orders for manufacture of plastic parts consistently over the last three years. The demand form from the customers changed from highly customized and high quality to cost effective and timely delivery of high quality products are the strongest proof why they need to change their argument. . Identify bottlenecks in production process This is important in order for Custom Molds to retain their clients. The bottlenecks mi ght be due the process layout in the company. Two different process for a different product might overlap each others and create confusion to the process. c. Improve the efficiency of Testing and Inspection Team As has been mentioned in the case, two orders have been rejected by the customer. For this not to happen again, the efficiency of Testing and Inspection team needs to be improved. Long Term Alternatives a. Investment in Research and DevelopmentCompany would be better off to invest in R&D in order to stay ahead of its competition. R&D can often show ways to reduce costs by maintaining the same quality. b. Expansion Plans As the orders increase, company should plan for some expansion plans or some new plants to cater to increasing demand. c. Phase-out the production of Custom Molds As the numbers of orders for Custom Molds are decreasing consistently over the last 3 years, the company should look out for phasing out the production of custom molds as the company may start losin g out money.Recommendations 1. Shift to Assembly Line As the number of orders for big order sizes are increasing for plastic parts, the plant layout should be changed from job-shop to an assembly line production. 2. Operational Excellence The company should focus on boilersuit efficiency in terms of process, movement and inter-department communication. 3. Market Research The company should do extensive market research to ascertain customers needs and use it to determine the needs of facility and human resources.

Interest Rates Affects on the Is-Lm Model Essay

Assignment 4 5. According to the IS-LM model, what happens to the interest rate, income, consumption and identify under the following circumstances. a. The central bank increments money supply. An increase in the money supple changes the LM curve downward. The equilibrium moves from phase A to point B. Income insurrections from Y1 to Y2 and the interest rate falls from r1 to r2. Therefore this increase in money supply causes a change magnitude in interest rate, an increase in income, an increase in consumption and an increase in investment. LM Income, output, Y b. governance increases government purchasesAn increase in government purchases result in a shift in the IS curve to the right. The equilibrium moves from point A to point B. Income rises from Y1 to Y2 and interest rate rises from r1 to r2. This increase in government purchases therefore causes interest rate to rise and income also rises. Consumption will also increase but the increase in government purchases will caus e investment to decrease. interest rate, r LM IS2 IS1 Income, output, Y c. The government increases taxes. An increase in taxes shifts the IS curve to the left. The equilibrium moves from point A to point B.Income falls from Y1 to Y2 and the interest rate from r1 to r 2. Therefore increase in taxes will bring about a decrease in interest rate, cause income to also decrease which will decrease consumption also but will result in an increase in investment. interest rate, r LM IS1 IS2 Income, output, Y d. The government increase government purchases and taxes equally 6. Consider the following economy of Hicksonia. a. The consumption function is given by C= 200 + 0. 75 (Y T) The investment function is I= 200-25r Government purchases and taxes are both 100.

The Movie: Flicka

Flicka Flicka is a face wrenching movie ab stunned the love of family, nature, and horses. This movie shows you the summer of a ranchers daughter. Katy McLauglin (Alison Lohman) is the teenage daughter of a horse rancher who is looking to hand over the reins of the family business. While her family is on the ranch, Katy is studing at a private naturalise feeling resembling her own kind of misfit. One day, while out riding, Katy finds a beautiful swart mustang and instantly feels an emotional connection with the wild horse.Katy begs her father, Rob McLaughlin (Tim McGraw), to let her keep the beast exactly he is convinced that the mustang would be bad for both his thoroughbred horses and his daughter. But Katy is certain she can break the stubborn mustang and make her a champion. Katy then names her Flicka, a name meaning beautiful, newborn girl. As she struggles to tame the headstrong Flicka, she also tries to prove to her father that she get it ons horses as well as he doe s and that shes both bit as cap equal of running the ranch as her brother. The betrothal for respect and the love of an animal will make you want a ranchers life.And a beautiful horse named Flicka. Flicka shows you the journey that a young teenage girl takes to earn the respect that she obligationfully deserves. Katys story is like many stories of women over the years. The fight to be seen as an equal and not as a servent. As we altogether may know in the United States men had the right to vote long before women did. Women fought for the chance to vote for years. Some, like Susan B. Anthony, were put in jail or shunned for fighting for this right. It took tell World War I for women to recieve this right, but with a couple restrictions.Susan B. Anthony was born February 15, 1820 in Adams, Massachusetts. She was brought up in a Quaker family with long activistic traditions. Early in her life she developed a sense of justice. afterwards teaching for fifteen years, she became bus tling in temperance. Because she was a woman, she was not anyowed to speak at temperance meetings. This experience led her to join the womens rights political campaign in 1852. Soon after, she dedicated her life to woman suffrage. Ignoring the cruel works and abuse, Anthony traveled and lectured across the area for the vote.She also campaigned for the abolition of slavery, the right for women to own their own property and keep their earnings, and she advocated for womens labor organizations. In 1900, Anthony persuaded the University of Rochester to deem women. Anthony, who never married, was aggressive and compassionate by nature. She had a strong mind and a great capacity to fight for what she believed in. She remained active until her death on March 13, 1906. In the movie, Flicka, the McLaughlin family fights to keep their beloved ranch.With the trouble to reach the bills, big time bankers have come to the ranch hoping to talk the family into selling the ranch and all the g rease with it. With the knowledge that selling means the desturction of their lovely home and the land surrounding it, they fight to make all the money they can. Needing the cash, Rob McLaughlin sees the perfect chance to earn money and get his daughter away from the sponger that she calls Flicka. Rob calls up the head chairman for the local rodeo and makes the deal to sell off the beautiful mustang. When Katy finds out that her horse was sold shes heartbroken and furious.But shes not about to give up. With the hope to get her horse spinal column Katy enters the Bucking Broncos contest in the rodeo in hope to win and use the money to buy back her horse. After realizing that it wasnt going to be as simple as she thought she takes her horse and rides her into the woods. With night coming and a serious storm, Katy and Flicka are in trouble. After finally getting onto some of their land Katy feels guard. Just as she was about to ride herself and Ficka the rest of the way home they ar e attacked by a mountain lion. Flicka is able to scare away the cat but sustains major injuries in the process.Once found Katy is brought home but has travel sick. While Katy fights for her life, Flicka fights for hers. Then Rob decides that it isnt fair for an animal to suffer. Then Katy speaks the most heartbreaking line in the story saying its ok daddy, you can kill us. The next morning Katys temperature has broken and Flicka is safe and healing. The two found each other at the moment of need and have beaten all the odds. This beautiful movie distributed by 20th Century Fox, shows viewers what it takes for a woman to fight for her right and what she loves.

Is the statutory ban against idling motor vehicle engines is helpful in improving the air quality of Hong Kong? Essay

Although the statutory ban against idling motor fomite engines is helpful in improving the subscriber line quality of Hong Kong, there ar some exemptions which fuelnot be avoided. For spokesperson traffic jams occur and all the vehicles will remain stationary but have their engines on. This situation cannot put through to the ban because the drivers are forced to idle their cars and they are not willing to do that, so they are not considered to violate the law. Another exemption is that some vehicles need to keep their engines on in position to prevent the deterioration of their goods, such as vehicles which their owners sell their ice-cream and the engines are needed to turn on in order to provide the refrigerative function.Therefore, can we say that the ban is effective? In our group, we all agree that it is unable in lowering the API of Hong Kong because there are many exemptions in the ban and a lot of drivers can escape from the law. Further much, the sources of air pol lutants are not only from the vehicles, but also from the operations of factories and power stations, so only establishing law to prevent the drivers from idling the motor vehicle engines is not enough to protect our sprightliness environment. We need to have other possible solutions to help meliorating the problem.In order to reduce the air pollutants emitted by the vehicles, we suggest installing a 3-way catalytic converter, which can oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide 2CO + O2 2CO2, unburnt hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water system CxH2x+2 + (3x+1)/2 O2 xCO2 + (x+1) H2O and reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen 2NOx ?N2 ? xO2. Nevertheless, the catalytic converter cannot be used on leaded petrol vehicles because Lead will poison the catalyst such as Platinum inside the converter.Indeed, there are more possible solutions to solve the problem. Expanding the rail network or using public transports instead of private cars can also improve the air quality beca use the descend of cars used can be reduced and the emission of pollutants from cars can also be diminished. The usage of environment-friendly cars are also effective due to the use of electricity instead of hydrocarbons to provide fuels for motion, but these types of cars have a higher cost and inconvenient for charging the batteries frequently.Moreover, planting trees not only can help absorbing the superabundance carbon dioxide emitted from power stations or vehicles, this method can also help regulating the temperature because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which can cause global warming. To conclude, all people should have the responsibilities to cover part in improving the air quality. The statutory ban is not sufficient to improve the air quality, so other methods which have mentioned before should be introduced. If people in Hong Kong can have more concern about our poor living environment, we are sure that they will contribute for improving it end-to-end their daily lives. We hope that people can pay more attention to this situation and thus Hong Kongs API can be lowered

A regular turn in American sign language Essay

In the next example, the professor is suggesting that the next step is to separate portions of the scholarly persons narrative into chunks. She explains that narrative chunks in spoken languages be detected through linguistic cues, such(prenominal) as rhythm, intonation, and discourse markers (Chafe 1982). She concludes by saying that she does non know if ASL has these cues or if there be some different kinds of cues. Her final remark, rhetorical question, is go steadyed into ASL as direct question Does ASL has cues? The Student immediately responds, YES The Professors delay at hearing response is minimal, less than half second.The briefness of this delay accounts for the illusion that the speakers ar almost talking to each other, Because the Student begins to respond in ASL by the second potential go transition, the ex stir between Professor, Student, and Interpreter occurs seemingly naturally within brief time span and without problems. That aboriginal speakers are responding to the Interpreter in footing of the norms of their own language is in addition demonstrated by their communicative behavior. Both speakers nod their heads, smile and silently laugh, and make other gestures at moments that coexist with utterances they understand in their own languages.For example, later in the meeting when the Professor learns that the Student will be going to a nonher city to give speech, she smiles and nods, but these expressions occur after she hears the interpretation in English, not after the Student says it in ASL. one wonders, then, whether the Student understands, intuitively or not, that the nonverbal information he sees the Professor engage in at that moment is attached to what he said moments ago noted that when people speak the same language, they know what facial signals go with what words and so can interpret the combination of the two signals.But when we interact with people who speak another language, any speaker business leader ob serve another speakers body and facial cues but most likely cannot retainer these cues with their exact words, sentence, or meanings. In this section have demonstrated how the Student and the Professor bring rounds at potential transition moments within their own language, and thus, with the Interpreter. Regular deviates occur naturally in face-to-face interaction, and they also occur naturally in interpreting.The participants, the discourse, and the moment combine (McDermott and Tylbor 1983 call this collusion) to create interactional building blocky whereby turn happens successfully and comfortably. In regular turns, then, the Interpreter is an active participant who constructed equivalent responses in terms of message content and also in terms of potential turn transition. Knowing when and how to signal turns or pauses is discourse knowledge and an indication of communicative competence. Creating TurnsFrom studies of no interpreted conversations, we know that speakers do not take turns or continue their turns only because they recognize transition moment or specific syntactic unit that allows for exchange. Bennett (1981) suggests that the structural regularities in discourse and participants understandings of the thematic flow of the discourse make turn units considerably more flexible (emphasis his) than the notion of turns created solely from structural surface signals. Within conversations, participants create themes which unfold, diverge, and reconverge as the talk proceeds (Bennett 1981).Themes comprised of individual and shared motives, feelings about the subject, and the meanings that are uttered direct conversational contributions Turns, then, also come about through participants intuitive sense of now being the right moment to speak, or take turn. After playing back the videotape of the meeting once, asked the participants to focus on turn-taking. asked them to recall, if they could, their motives and feelings around their turns, and why, in some places, they chose to speak.Predictably, their own reasons for taking turn or continuing turn were based in with child(p) part on their own sense of participation in the conversation and from sense of motiveing both to contribute to theme or, in one case, to stop theme. These developments are not predictable but are part of conversational behavior. muchover, the ways in which the interlocutors contribute to the flow constitutes an emerging pattern of conversational vogue (Tannen 1984). For example, at one point in the meeting, the Professor began to talk even though she could hear an interpretation.During her interview, asked the Professor about this segment. Her response was, probably just decided it the Students talk was enough. didnt especially want to hear the answer now. just wanted to set it as topic that would be interesting for him to judge about and report on during the semester. The Professor began to talk from her own sense of the direction of the conversation and her proneness to have the Student think about the topic and not initiate longer discussion at present.To steer the conversation in different direction and perhaps head off lengthy discussion, she took turn from her own sense of needing to alter the theme of the conversation, not from surface syntactic signal. In another example, at the beginning of the meeting, the Student was looking at the Interpreter because the Interpreter was signing, and then he turned out from the Interpreter and looked toward the Professor and the telephone and answering machine. He began to talk while the Interpreter was still interpreting, not at potential transition moment in ASL.His turn, too, has to be motivated by reasons other than an approach grammatical unit or paralinguistic signal. When asked why he stopped watching the Interpreter and began to speak, the Student replied, knew where the Interpreter was going could sense the way his sentence would end. wanted to see what she was doing to make the phone stop ringing. (This he had erudite from what the Professor had just said. ) Discourse knowledge, real world knowledge, sense of conversational direction, speaker intention, and many other factors motivate speakers to take turns.Although interpreters cannot always predict when speaker will talk, they can become accustomed to the possibilities of change and that turns can occur at the least likely moments, or rather, at any moment. Primary participants are actively involved in creating and responding to turns, and, for all intents and purposes, make arbitrary decisions which must be managed by an interpreter. More significantly, these examples demonstrate that primary participants are active in the emerging nature and flow of talk as the interpreter directs and coordinates the exchange.

Ethics Aids Patients

Can he balk to assist in this procedure? The dental assistant cannot refuse to assist in this procedure. Besides it being un estimable to refuse dowry this patient solely because he has assist it is also illegal (Anderson, 2009). Dental assistants are jump off by a code of professional conduct, adopted in August 2007 by the Dental Assistants content Board. Justice and fairness is one of the codes of conduct. This states the dental assistant has a duty to portion out people fairly, behaving in a manner free from bias or inequality on any basis.All DANB individuals must post by the code of professional conduct and must maintain high standards of ethics and excellence. Violating this code whitethorn result in disciplinary actions and imposition of sanctions as listed below. (DANB CC, 2007) a. deny or revoke the answerers eligibility, certification, or recertification b. suspend Respondents certification for a period of cartridge holder c. crave the Respondent to engage in reme dial education and/or training, or to perform community service d. require the Respondent, if Certified, to participate in a mandatory audit of continuing education for a period of time e. ecommend that DANB parcel out legal action against the Respondent f. assess a disciplinary fine or g. take a combination of any of the above actions or much(prenominal) other action that may be deemed appropriate in the particular circumstances. (DANB DP, 2007) The dental assistant has a moral obligation to the patient and his colleagues to treat this patient as he would any other patient. The golden rule is always a ripe(p) motto. Do unto to others as you would have them do unto you. His professionalism testament be questioned as well.If he refuses to assist in the procedure, he puts the dentist and the dental practice in a position where they also could be sued for discrimination under the ADA map of 1990 and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. 2. What role would risk-management play in this ca se? take a chance management would play the role of identifying, analyzing and evaluating the risks and selecting the best method to deal with them(Towsley-Cook, 2007). In this case, identifying there may be a risk of transmitting assist along with the chance the patient may not father high quality patient care.Taking this into account the risk manager must make real that ply is educated and trained in universal precautions (standard precautions). Staff that is educated is less likely to have misconceptions intimately HIV, the transmission of it and have a more positive response to those with HIV. Standard precautions are a cast of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, physical structure fluids, non-intact grate (including rashes), and mucous membranes.These measures are to be used when providing care to each individuals, whether or not they break through infectious or symptomatic (Borlaug, 2010). Universal (standard) precautions involve hand washing and the use of protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks, or protective eyewear which can reduce the risk of exposure of the health care workers skin or mucous membranes to potentially infective materials (Department of Health, 1999). Practicing standard precautions addresses the risk of transmitting AIDS and making sure the patient give births high quality of care along with avoiding losses that may incur from either of these issues.Using these precautions assures all patients, regardless of whether they have an infectious disease or not, receive the same high quality of care. Patients that receive quality health care are more likely to be satisfied and remain patients at the facility and not sue the facility. 3. How does the antidiscrimination statute apply to this case? The antidiscrimination statute in this case refers to AIDS discrimination (refusing to treat a soulfulness with AIDS) being illegal throughout the United States under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Federal Rehabilitation Act of 1973(Towsley-Cook, 2007).Antidiscrimination statutes are in place to make sure that no person on the grounds of race, color, national origin, disability (AIDS is considered a disability) socioeconomic status, religion or creed will be denied the benefits of medical preaching or be subjected to discrimination(Towsley-Cook, 2007). This doesnt just apply to medical treatment but for this case it does. 4. Describe which ethical school of thought you would subscribe to as it relates to this case and why. I would subscribe to the virtue ethics school of thought in this case.Choosing to assist in the procedure is the morally right thing to do. We know that using standard precautions virtually eliminates any chance of getting AIDS in this case. By eliminating the fear of getting AIDS, the concentration can now be on helping the patient. Also, the consequences for not helping could be detrimental to the patient, the dental assistant, the dentist and the facility. So it is incorporating both teleology and deontology to solve this ethical dilemma(Towsley-Cook, 2007).We choose to do the right thing and also take into consideration the long term consequences of the action.Anderson, B. A. (2009). Op-ed hiv stigma and discrimination persist even in health care. Virtual Mentor American medical association journal of ethics, 11(12), Retrieved from http//virtualmentor. ama-assn. org/2009/12/oped1-0912. html DANB. (2007). Retrieved from http//www. danb. org/PDFs/CodeofConduct. pdf DANB. (2007). Retrieved from http//www. danb. org/PDFs/DisciplinePolicies. df Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease lock and Prevention. (1999). Universal precautions for prevention of transmission of hiv Atlanta,GA USA. Gov. Retrieved from http//www. cdc. gov/ncidod/dhqp/bp_universal_precautions. html Borlaug, G. (2010, July 12). Standard precautions. Retrieved from htt p//www. dhs. wisconsin. gov/communicable/InfectionControl. htm Towsley-Cook, D. M. , Young, T. A. (2007). Ethical and Legal Issues for tomography Ethical and Legal Issues for Imaging, (2nd ed. ), St. Louis Mosby, Inc. ,

The Female Role in a Male Dominated Society

Women are sometimes undermined by the culture in which they live in. Only recently have they begun to be looked at as near equals to men and given a voice. Still, in some countries women may be pushed aside and leftover without a say in important decision-making. In the momentous novel The House of the Spirits, by Isabel Allende, the wife of each generation is a matriarch in her family. Individually they rise above cultural trends, and their husbands or lovers, to exercise the fact that women are important. Women can be as powerful as men, level(p) in a male-dominated society.This is why Nivea, Clara, Blanca, and Alba make their voices and actions heard during difficult times in a developing country. American women were willing to go to extreme lengths to make their voice heard and receive the right to vote. Their efforts did not go unnoticed. News articles stated that Their issues are legitimate and cut across socioeconomic and party lines, (Brenner,1-2) and that the Suffragists would be willing to hold an all night vigile to make sure their right to vote was no long-run delayed(New York Times, 1). The House of the Spirits takes place in Chile during the 1900s.The story begins in the Del Valle household. Nivea is the current matriarch. She is a solid believer in womens suffrage and equality. Nivea was the first woman of the novel to display her affection towards the underprivileged. She stood on crates and boxes to preach to the hard-working women wearing rags and working in factories that paid next to nothing. She brings Clara along with her after discovering that her family does everything they can to vitiate Claras clairvoyant powers. Nivea and her suffragette friend inspire Clara at a young age to understand and stab the absurdity of the issue.Her trends are absorbed by the following generations of women in her family. Esteban Trueba is Claras husband, an angry man who is knock-down-and-drag-out to his many workers and doesnt take rule from anyone. His success and authority of Tres Marias, his fathers old hacienda, turned him into a tough skinned man that not many people had control over. His mothers death causes him to, one day, look for a wife. Esteban decides to go to the Del Valle house and inquire about a daughter able to marry him. Nivea offers him Clara, her in conclusion available daughter (88-89). Clara instantly has a power over Esteban.Her express feelings and her smile are astonishing to Esteban Trueba, her beauty takes over him and he decides to marry her (90-91). Though Esteban is a rule character he finds that he is unable to control Clara. I wanted to possess her absolutely, down to her last thought, but that diaphanous woman would float by me like a breath of fresh air, and even if I held her down with my hands and embraced her with all my strength, I could never make her mine. Her spirit wasnt with me. (Allende, 177) Claras place as Estebans wife, and only love, capture him completely.She was the only soulfulness that could influence him and the only person that he would listen to. At one point he even changes the currency used on Tres Marias, a territory forbidden strictly to Esteban Truebas rule, because Clara feels that it would be nicer for the tenants to have a form of paper silver. Esteban indeed stops handing the tenants pink slips and begins paying them with real money (178). Blanca and Alba are mother and daughter, both who have lovers involved in a revolution against the Conservative Government.

Nurses' and patients' perception of digniy Essay

Nurses and patients perception of digniy - Essay Example143). Method or Design Phenomenological research is a science that deals with describing, interpreting and understanding human experiences of individuals, particularly patients and nurses. In this research, nurses were occupyed to speciate their experiences with patients whose hauteur was maintained or compromised. Patients were also asked about their hospital experiences in which their dignity was maintained or compromised. The whole process was done through unstructured references which lasted for about half an hour, and audiotaped by the researchers. The unstructured interview is used to motivate the participants to relate their stories at their convenient time. In arranging for interviews, the researcher informs the participants about the project of the interview, the time frame, and the method it impart be conducted whether audio-taped or video-taped. The participant have to be conscious that the results of the interv iews will be transcribed and that some of the answers will appear in articles, but the identity of the respondents will non be revealed. An unstructured interview is considered retrospective as the participants tell about their experiences about the subject be investigated. (Morse 2001) Unstructured interviews were used to explore and gather experiential narrative material and done in such a trend that the researcher and the participants were like conversing with each other. The participants were not asked about their opinion on dignity but on their experiences wherein their dignity was maintained or compromised. After the interviews, the text was interpreted and analysed using an interpretative hermeneutic approach, whereby themes were used and assigned on the participants responses. Out of the interpretations, the researchers drew their conclusions on the meaning of dignity and the mountain where dignity was maintained or compromised. Sampling Sampling or recruitment of part icipants was done by way of posting notices in wards of a large hospital, which meant participants were asked to volunteer on the proposed study. Five patients and four nurses responded to the call and gave their informed consent. The sampling done in the study was not example of the people of patients and nurses in that large metropolitan hospital mentioned in the study. Posting notices in wards do not draw the desired number of participants for a sample and does not generate a general opinion of the nurses and patients. However, the researchers were sure that the participants they intended to question possess the desired information and that they were willing to answer the questions. Moreover, researchers should always try to obtain a sample that is representative of the population of interest. (Fraenkel & Wallen 2006, p. 402) There are other ways of drawing a sample, like random sampling, class-conscious random sampling, and cluster sampling. A simple random sample provides op portunity for every member of the population to have an equal and independent chance of being selected, and the larger a random sample is in size, the more likely it is to represent the population (Fraenkel & Wallen 2006, p. 95). This was not done in the research. What the researchers should have done was to ask permission of the owners or administrators of the hospital for the research to be