How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional Essay Example for Free

How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional EssayCritical perspectives on crime differ from other perspectives in that they focus on ways people and institutions respond to crime and criminals. Critical perspectives be much called social reaction theories. The different theories covered under exact perspectives include Labeling guess, interlocking and radical theory and feminist theory. Labeling theory states that deviance is non the act itself that a psyche commits a deviant label lead lead us to be more deviant. Labeling theory is one of the most signifi keept perspectives in the study of criminology. Amongst these theories is the labeling theory which is one of the most significant theories studied. Labeling theory adopts a relativists definition, by assuming that nothing about a given behavior automatically makes it deviant. While traditional theories accept the accuracy of formalised labeling such as the arrest and prosecution, Labeling theory cha llenges the view and says some peoples behavior is more likely to be labeled deviant than others.Conflict and Radical theories take up where labeling theory leaves off. They argue that law is only controlled by the powerful and that they argon often preserved by the dominant, unlike traditional theories that promote the law and nervous strain the positive aspects of it. One area inspired by feminist work is often called sexual urge-ratio it is the study of female rates is so much lower than males rates in violent crimes. Within the feminist theories we have victimization, differences in crimes, Gender Differences, Masculinity. A great train of focus is spotlighted on masculinity of crimes. Researchers argue that in order to reduce crime manpower mustiness be socialized more and male authority must be illuminated.It was noted in Chapter 3 that we already do a good job of raising our girls not to be criminals, however how can we implement this into the virile side of things. Ma sculinity and crime is the significant focus of the work of gender-ratio cases. The problem according to sociologists is that crime is essentially a male issue and we need to figure out how we get to it being much less of an issue. Most crimes against women are either produced as a crime against a weaker person or a crime because the criminal is the dominant one. It seems to be a double edge sword.Power-Control theory explains the level of female criminality by examining the gender process of families. It highlights the roles played by women and men in perspective to their class. Power Control theory looks at two primary sections, the first is Patriarchal households in which only the father works outside the home and the mother is left at home to care for the children. In this type of household boys learn the masculine roles and girls learn the feministic roles.The other is egalitarian, in which both the matriarch and patriarch works outside the home, therefore the guidance is not there to justify roles which tends to lead to criminality in both gender children. Although most tests of Power control theory produce mixed results. Feministic theories show us just how unequal women are pictured in law and society. The main issue with control theory is a mothers occupational place vs. a fathers occupational place in the family. It focuses on the balance of power and control and how this affects the childs preferences for risk taking.Criminal law divides murder and non-negligent manslaughter into four subgroups first point in time murder, second degree murder, voluntary manslaughter and involuntary manslaughter. Some of the patterns described in our hold back include geographic patterns in which is chronicled with info statistics. It focuses on the different regions and shows the highest statistics in the South, with the Northeast and Midwest being low to mid. According to data the highest weapon used in homicides are handguns at 68 % with knives and blunt obje cts at 13%. Researchers say that the south is the highest percentage of crime due to the high temperature and crowded urban areas. According to our book (P200) an adequate explanation of homicide and aggravated assault must answer the following questions why does the United States have a higher homicide rate than any other industrial nation? This is answered by research that provides data that the United States has more inequality than other nations and thus this produces more crime.There is a vast difference between the rich and the poor. The other reason or answer given to this is that in the United States more handguns are owned, and since handguns are the major cause of homicides, this also contributes to the higher rates. Within the United States, why are homicide and aggravated assault rates highest in the urban areas? This is best answered with Socialdisorganization, anomie and strain theory help explain why crime in general is higher in urban areas this includes higher popul ations, denser areas of habitation, household overcrowding as well as dilapidated living conditions. There is also a probability of higher unemployment rates. Why do men commit almost all homicides and aggravated assaults? The masculinity theories were brought up in chapter 9, but this question is answered as this seems to be shaped in adolescence and the need for boys to grow up stronger and better than women who are looked upon as less dominant.Poverty also interacts with masculinity, the competitiveness in families and social groups. Why do African-Americans and other people of color have high rates of homicides and aggravated assault, both as offenders and victims? This question is explained in similar ways to those above. It has been a question full of hard emotions and personal opinions. It could also be construed as a racist or stereotypical question. Because it is such a touchy number most researchers go about it in explaining how minorities have criminogenic structural an d ecological factors which cause their crime rate to be higher. There is social disorganization stress, the stress of being deprived and discriminated against. Also listed are negative family and school experiences along with the peer pressure from other deviant youths that are common in the urban areas. All of these factors separate may not have much effect, but together it proves to be the perfect combination to put African Americans, especially unripened African Americans at a higher risk for crime.For which two types of violent crime are womens rates of victimization much higher than mens victimization rates? At what rates are women victimized for these crimes? Describe cultural myths supporting rape and battering that are discussed in the textbook Rape/sexual assault and domestic violence/violence committed by intimates are at the top of the list for crimes committed against women more than men. (P220) Our book states that women represented 89% of all sexual assault crimes an d 79% of aggravated assaults. Many of the cultural myths are involved in overseas and third humankind countries which see women as possessions or less than worth compared to a man. In India, as well as Pakistan Dowry deaths which claim the lives of thousands of women are committed daily. These deaths are sanctioned as legal or usually overseen by law enforcement with payment.Dowry deaths are committed againsta bride by either a keep up or the husbands family because the brides dowry was not paid as it was supposed to be. Wartime rape and batteries is also high in other countries and often overlooked in the judicial system. Some of the myths involved in these victimizations include women like to be raped or they ask to be raped. Our book uses the start scene in Gone With the Wind to express one of the many portrayals of women enjoying being sexually assaulted , she is whisked up-stairs against her will, and then is shown with a smile on her face in the morning. The other myth is t hat women ask to be raped by the way they dress or how they behave.This has been an excuse used by many, even today. The blame does not go on the abuser in these cases but looks at how the woman was behaving prior to the sexual assault. For domestic violence and assaults the women is again said to have asked for the overcome by antagonizing the abuser. The woman is blamed for saying or doing something to anger the male and therefore deserved the beating or abuse they received. Women are also blamed because they do not leave the abuser when they have a chance to leave, nor do they press charges when they often have the chance to. Women normally do not leave abusive spouses because they are often the sole providers, women have children and often no money to leave or pay for housing anywhere or legal fees to divorce or put restraining orders on abusers.